被动语态 (1.pptVIP

Mubiao 课程重点内容讲解2 （被动语态Unit2-3) * * 一、被动语态的概念： 当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同的关系，主动关系和被动关系： 表示主动关系时，主语是动作的执行者，称为主动语态 Tom opened the door. 表示被动关系时，主语是动作的承受者，谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态 The door was opened by Tom. 在被动结构中，动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示 二、形式 被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来：（完成进行时和将来进行时无被动语态） 1一般现在时：History is made by people. 2一般过去时：When was the building completed? 3一般将来时：We won’t be invited. 4现在/过去进行时：A new railway is being built. The roads were being widened. 5现在/过去完成时：The book has been translated. Costs had been greatly reduced. would\should have been writing would\should have written would\ should be writing would\ should write 过去 将来 will\shall have been writing will\shall have written will\shall be writing will\shall write 将来 had been written had written was\were writing wrote 过去 have\has been written have\has written am is writing are write writes 现在 完成 进行 完成 进行 一般 以write为例,在16种时态中形式 would\should have been written ------------------- would\ should be written 过去 将来 will\shall have been written ------------------- will\shall be written 将来 have\has been written was\were being written was\were written 过去 have\has been written am\is\are being written am\is\are written 现在 完成 进行 一般 以write为例，在时态中被动语态的形式 三、被动语态的使用情况 1，不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者 Such books are written for children. 2，动作的承受者是谈话的中心 The song was written by a student. 3，出于礼貌措辞圆通等不愿说出动作执行者 You are required to sing a song. 四、几种特殊的被动语态 1，不定式的被动语态 to be done These debts will have to be paid. 2，情态动词的被动语态 can\may\must\should\could\might\would be done He should be criticized for his carelessness. 3，句型 It+被动语态+that从句 It was said that he could speak English. believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandIt is said that…　　 据说　　It is reported that… 据报道　　　 It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　　It is hoped that…　大家希望It is well known that… 众所周知