非谓语动词备考指、考点聚焦及近年高考试题和专题练习[整理].docVIP

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非谓语动词备考指、考点聚焦及近年高考试题和专题练习[整理].doc

一、非谓语动词备考指要 非谓语动词是指分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)、不定式、动名词等三种形式,即: doing ,done; to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式,如:现在分词 doing 有being done(被动式) ; having done (完成式); having been done (完成被动式)不定式 to do 有to be done (被动式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(进行式) 动名词 doing 有having done(完成式); being done(被动式) ; 非谓语动词的特点: 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征:分词具有形容词和副词的特征;动名词具有名词的特征;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲:分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。 下面谈谈学习这三种非谓语动词需要注意的事项。 一、动词不定式 掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题: 1.to 是不定式符号还是介词。下列短语中的to 都是介词 agree to, object to, close to, come to, lead to, refer to, equal to, familiar to, point to, thank to, devote to, next to, belong to, be used to, look forward to 2.带to 还是不带to 例 I have no choice but to give in. I cannt do anything but give in . 3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of 例 Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有:good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful, careless, polite, possible 4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, know, promise, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, continue, ask, mean, choose, expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语。 例 通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5.不定式的省略 下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略to: want to, wish to, hope to, like to, hate to, plan to, try to, love to , have to, ought to, need to, used to, be able to 6.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系 1)动宾关系 例 He has a lot of meeting to attend . 2)主谓关系 例 She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . 7.不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义 1)原因 例 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有: happy, glad, delighted, pleased, sorry, eager, anxious, lucky, fortunate, pro

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