赵帅外文翻译.docVIP

附件7： 毕业设计 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：DC motor calculations 文献、资料来源：/devzone/cda/ph/p/id/46 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2007.11.20 院 （部）： 信息与电气工程学院 专 业： 电气工程与自动化 班 级： 电气081 姓 名： 赵帅 学 号： 2008081023 指导教师： 焦营营 翻译日期： 2012年2月外文文献1： DC Motor Calculations Overview Now that we have a good understanding of dc generators, we can begin our study of dc motors. Direct-current motors transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. They drive devices such as hoists, fans, pumps, calendars, punch-presses, and cars. These devices may have a definite torque-speed characteristic (such as a pump or fan) or a highly variable one (such as a hoist or automobile). The torque-speed characteristic of the motor must be adapted to the type of the load it has to drive, and this requirement has given rise to three basic types of motors: 1. Shunt motors 2. Series motors 3. Compound motors Direct-current motors are seldom used in ordinary industrial applications because all electric utility systems furnish alternating current. However, for special applications such as in steel mills, mines, and electric trains, it is sometimes advantageous to transform the alternating current into direct current in order to use dc motors. The reason is that the torque-speed characteristics of dc motors can be varied over a wide range while retaining high efficiency. Today, this general statement can be challenged because the availability of sophisticated electronic drives has made it possible to use alternating current motors for variable speed applications. Nevertheless, there are millions of dc motors still in service and thousands more are being produced every year. Counter-electromotive force (cemf) Direct-current motors are built the same way as generators are; consequently, a dc machine can operate either as a motor or as a generator. To illustrate, consider a dc generator in which the armature, initially at rest, is connected to a dc source Es by means of a switch (Fig. 5.1). The armature has a resistan