被动语态和虚拟语.pptVIP

被动语态和虚拟语气 1.被动语态常见结构 2.一些特殊的被动结构 3.被动结构和带表语的结构 4.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 5.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 被动语态 语态是用来说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式，英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或者行为的主体。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或者行为的对象。 被动的常见结构： History is made by the people. Nature wouldn’t cheat us, we are often cheated by ourselves. He said that the bridge would be built next year. The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 情态动词 + be + 过去分词： This must be done as soon as possible. What’s done cannot be undone. Get + 过去分词 多用口语，后面一般不接by 短语 To my surprise, he didn’t get hurt when he fell from the tree. My watch got broken while I was playing basketball. 短语动词的被动语态 原则上，英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是有些短语动词常用作及物动词，因此他们也有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词中的介词或副词。 We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down. They will put up a notice on the wall. A notice will be put up on the wall. A new training center will be set up. 由 动词+名词+介词 构成的短语动词，结构较松散，变成被动可有两种形式 1. 把短语动词看成一个整体，当做一个及物动词处理 2. 把该短语中的 动词+名词 结构作为 动词+宾语 来处理，将这个动宾结构变为被动。常用于正式文体。 We must take good care of the children. The children must be taken good care of. Good care must be taken of the children. We should make more use of this new technology. This new technology should be made more use of. More use should be made of this new technology. 主动变被动 双宾结构的变化 1. 间接宾语变主语 2. 直接宾语变主语，间接宾语之前应加介词to(可省)/ for（一般不可省） Someone gave me a book. I was given a book (by someone). A book was given to me (by someone). He bought me a present. I was bought a present (by him). A present was bought for me (by him). 主动结构中若宾语是个that 从句，变为被动时，可用it 做形式主语。 They know that he is an expert. He is known to be an expert. It’s known that he is an expert. 一些特殊的被动结构 主动表被动 某些由及物动词转化而来的不及物动词，如read, write, clean, wash, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open等，常和副词 well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子多用一般现在时或一般将来时。 This pen writes smoothly. In hot weather meat won’t keep long. The cloth washes well. 动词 need… + doing 表被动 动词need, require, want, deserve, be