四级语法参考.docVIP

语法学习综述 什么是语法？ 语言的法则；也就是遣词造句的规律。 为什么学习语法？？ 1.语法教会我们如何理解句子——阅读 2.语法教会我们如何写出句子——写作 语法不是“死”的造句规则，而是“活”的语言思维！ 语法应用举例 1. 阅读 2007年6月 CET-4 Section B . Passage One 第三段第一句 The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” (24w) The practice ‖that can help you past your learned bad habits ‖of trying to edit as you write （主语）‖is（系动词）‖ what Elbow calls “free writing.”（表语） 骨架： The practice is what Elbow calls “free writing.” 2.写作 2006年6月24日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题Part I Writing (30 minute) 1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题 范文: 中段扩展句： There are several factors that students consider when they choose a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer’s academic background, and the lecturer’s reputation among students. 3.翻译 2007年6月23日CET-4 Part VI Translation 88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is __________ (我们可以合作的领域). 翻译汉语长定语时用定语从句！ the field where/in which we can cooperate 语法学习的一个基础、两条主线 ①基础：简单句 ②主线——词法、句法 词法：动词的变化 句法：从句 语法课程教学计划 时态、语态，非谓语动词 倒装，虚拟语气 定语从句 状语从句 名词性从句 【综合练习】长难句分析 词法：动词的变化一. 时态和语态 时 态 时间 状态 “时”分为四种： 过去时、现在时、将来时和过去将来时。 “态” 分为四种： 一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态。 时态主要反应在谓语动词上 ? 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 do/does Be doing. Have/has done. Have been doing 过去 Did Was/were doing. Had done. Had been doing 将来 Will do. Will be doing. Will have done. Will have been doing 过去将来 Would do. Would be doing Would have done Would have been doing 常考时态难点解析 （1）一般现在时：( do/does ) ①表示客观事实或真理 e.g1.The earth moves around the sun. e.g2. Knowledge is power. ②表示习惯性、常规性的重复动作 e.g.3. Classes begin at 08:30 in the morning. e.g.4.Jack always goes to school by bike. （2）一般过去时 ( did ) ①过去特定时间的动作或状态 I saw him in the library yesterday morning. ②过去的重复性动作 I wrote a letter once a week to my family when I was in my first college year. Home missing ; Hard working; Friends Making; Job hunting 【注】 一般现在时 vs 一般过去时 The dog bites Xiao Qiang. 见一次咬一次 The dog bit Xiao Qiang. 曾经咬过