第1课 翻译的历史.pptVIP

第一章 翻译的历史 The Tower of Babel Now the earth had one language and the same words. And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.” And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.” The lord came down to see the city and the tower, which mortals had built. And the LORD said, “Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one another’s speech.” So the LORS scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore it was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth. 西方翻译简史（六个阶段） 起源：公元前三至二世纪之间《七十子希腊文本》 1.公元前三世纪：《荷马史诗》等希腊文学翻译成罗马文学 2.罗马帝国后期至中世纪初期：《通俗拉丁文本圣经》 3.中世纪中期，即十一至十二世纪之间，拉丁语译成阿拉伯语 4.十四至十六世纪文艺复兴时期： 德国 路德“民众的圣经” 法国 《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》 1611年 英国《钦定圣经译本》 5.十七世纪下半叶至十二世纪上半叶：古典 近代 当代—塞万提斯、莎士比亚、巴尔扎克、歌德 东方文学 6.第二次世界大战结束以来 文学、宗教 科技、商业 少数人 职业化规模化（国际译联） 人工翻译 机器翻译（1946） 中国翻译简史（五个阶段） 1.秦汉时代：安世高 支娄迦谶（ 三支）竺法护 释道安 鸠摩罗什 真谛 2.隋-唐-宋时代：释彦琮（俗姓李）古代翻译界的巨星玄奘 (佛教三大翻译家） 3.明清时代：徐光启、林纾、严复介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学 4.五四时期：鲁迅、瞿秋白 马列主义经典著作和无产阶级文学作品 《共产党宣言》《毁灭》、《死魂灵》白话文代替了文言文 5.新中国成立至今 西方译论简介  同其他的领域的活动一样，翻译并不依赖理论而存在，然而，翻译的实践总是引出理论并推动理论的进步，理论又反过来指导实践，促进翻译事业的发展。  西方最早的翻译理论家是罗马帝国时期的西塞罗 他首次把翻译区分作为解释员和作为演说家的翻译。西塞罗是从修辞学家、演说家的角度看待翻译的。所谓作为解释员的翻译是指没有创造