英语教育测量与评价-效度导论.pptVIP

Topic 3 Validity Validity Definition: A test is said to be valid if it measures accurately what it is intended to measure. Types of validity: Content validity Criterion-related validity Construct validity Face validity 3.1 Content validity A test is said to have content validity if its content constitutes a representative sample of the language skills, structures, etc. with which it is meant to be concerned. In order to judge whether or not the test has a content validity ,we need a specification of the skills or structures, ect. that it is meant to cover. A comparison of test specification and test content is the basis for judgments as to content validity The importance of content validity Firstly, the greater a test’s content validity, the more likely to be an accurate measure of what is supposed to measure . Secondly, such a test, a test-specifications not represented at all, is likely to have a harmful backwash effect. Areas which are not tested are likely to become ignored in teaching and leaning. 3.2 Criterion—related validity(效标关联效度) Definition: Classification Definition: Another approach to test validity is to see how far results on the test agree with those provided by some independent and highly dependable assessment of the candidates ability. (CET摸拟题与CET实考题的各项分数的相关性) 效标就是考察检定考试效度的参照标准，效标关联效度也就是与该参照标准有关的效度。效标关联效度就是以某一种测验分数与其效标分数之间的相关来表示的效度。换言之，一组考生参加某种考试的分数与同一组考生参加另一公认、的有较高效度的测验结果的一致性程度就是该考试的效标效度。 There are two kinds of criterion—related validity: Concurrent validity Concurrent (共时性) validity is established when the test and criterion are administered at about the same time.(例如:设计一次口语测试，因为没有充足的时间去测试课程标准要求的全部语言功能，所以，对每位测试者进行10钟的口试。但我们不能确定10 分钟的口试能否反映被试着的实际口语能力。我们先设计了一次考试，考试时间45 分钟，并覆盖较多的语言功能，以此，建立了一个口试标准；再将着10分钟的口语考试结果与这个标准作相关分析，然后确定这十分钟的效度。） An oral achievement test Course objectives A large number of ‘functions’