2014翻译简介.docVIP

What is translation The Oxford English Dictionary: “to turn from one language into another” “翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言” Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concrete contexts: 1. translating: → the process 2.a translation：→ the translated text 3. translation: → the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and the product of that process; 4. translator or interpreter: → the person who does the work of translating or interpreting. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida) 　　 Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textural material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language. (TL). (Catford) Is translation an art, a science, or a craft? ...translation is first a science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describes them-here, what is wrong, mistakes of truth, can be identified; secondly, it is a skill, which calls for appropriate language and acceptable usage; thirdly, an art, which distinguishes good from undistinguished writing and is the creative, the intuitive, sometimes the inspired, level of the translation; … （Peter Newmark） 　　翻译的规律难以译出原文的言外之意。许多句子的真正意义在言外。言外之意是语言的内涵,译者能译出语言内涵的翻译技能就是其翻译的艺术性。 Are you an associate professor now ? (1) You are an associate professor , aren’t you ?　(2)Don’t you know you are still an associate professor ?(3) As you are so capable and knowledgeable ,are you still an associate professor now ?　　(4)Are you an associate professor ?No wonder you have been ignored. 翻译的规律无论如何也无法译出这么多言外之意,也就是说翻译规律在处理深层涵义方面苍白无力。翻译必须求助于译者的认知艺术和译者灵活的创造性,才能使译文达到“神似”。翻译中能使译文神似原文的手法就是艺术。 翻译的类别 1） 从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语外语译为本族语； 2） 从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为语内翻译（intralingual translation)、语际翻译 (interlingual translation)和符际翻译(intersemiotic translation)； 3) 从翻译的手段来分类，翻译