1)常用翻译技巧.docVIP

Basic methods for Translation 1.直译与死译和硬译/误译 2.意译与乱译乱译和错译 3.避免望文生义 4.异化法和归化法 5.确定词义 I.Define the meaning by its word class; II.Define the meaning by context; III.extension of the words. 6.转译法 7.增译法 8.减词法 9.正反译法 I.正译反 II.反译正 10.重复法 11.合译法 I.单句合译 II.主从复合句合译 III.并列复合句的合译 12.分译法 Division I.单词的分译 II.短语的分译 III.句子的分译 Basic methods for Translation 1.直译(Literal Translation)与死译(Dead Translation) 和 硬译/误译 原文的结构和汉语的结构是一致的，可完全直译。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致，直译就变成了死译。Eg. In some automated plants, electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂，电子计算机控制整个生产线。（直译） Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 死译: 锰有同样的影响在强度的钢上像硅。改译：锰像硅一样会影响钢的强度。 Some neologisms(新词）： English translated literally into Chinese : knowledge economy 知识经济 peace-keeping operations 维和运动 digital camera 数码相机 netizen 网民 world view 世界观 millennium bug 千年虫 Internet worm 网虫 sex-change operation 变性手术 DINKS (Double income, no kids.) 丁克族（双收入，无子女） GDP (gross domestic product) 国内生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值 Chinese translated literally into E. 一国两制 one country, two systems 厂长负责制 factory director responsibility system 旅游搭台经贸唱戏 with tourism paving the way for economic and trading activities 关系网 network of personal connections 走后门 practise backdoorism 三无产品 unbranded and dateless product by a nameless factory （三无产品一般是指无生产日期、无质量合格证以及无生产厂家，来路不明的产品。另一种说法是，三无产品是无生产厂名,二无生产厂址,三无生产卫生许可证编码的产品。） 龙头企业 leading enterprise 经济适用房 residence houses for low-and-medium wage earners 尊师重教 respect teachers and value education 德、智、体、美全面发展 Be all-round in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetical development 发展是硬道理。Development is the absolute principle. 扶贫 aid the poor 2. 意译(Free Translation)与乱译乱译（random translation）和错译（mistranslation） 意译指在翻译过程中不拘泥于原文的形式，以表达意义为主。意译强调神似，但不能歪曲原文，否则便是乱译。Eg To kill two birds with one stone. 直译：一石二鸟。意译：一举两得，一箭双雕 Translation Practice: And I do not mistrust the future; I do not fear what is ahead. For our problems are large, but our heart is larger. Our challenges are great, bu