论中央银行货币政策工具的“三大法宝”.doc

学年论文 论中央银行货币政策工具的“三大法宝” 学 院： 商学院 专 业： 金融系 班 级： 09级1班 学生姓名： 完成时间：二О一二年 六月二十九日 摘要 随着现代市场经济的发展，货币政策的重要性正日益增强。货币政策对一个国家的货币供求均衡、利率和汇率的合理水平、资本流动及经济发展与稳定具有支配性的作用。中央银行作为货币政策的制定者，主要通过控制货币供应量来调节利率进而影响投资和整个经济，无论是紧缩性的货币政策还是扩张性的货币政策都是通过货币政策工具的运用来实现的。货币政策工具有一般性政策工具、选择性政策工具和其他补充性政策工具三类。一般性政策工具作为中央银行的主要货币政策工具包括法定存款准备金政策、再贴现政策、和公开市场业务，俗称“三大法宝”。本文主要通过分析一般性货币政策工具的传导机制及其现实效应，结合我国实际国情来研究中央银行是如何运用这“三大法宝”对国民经济进行有效调节进而影响整个宏观经济的运行。 关键词：货币政策，“三大法宝”，传导机制，现实效应 abstract With modern the development of market economy，the importance of monetary policy is growing by. Monetary policy on a the currency of the country of the equilibrium of supply and demand， interest rate and exchange rate of a reasonable level，capital flows and economic development and stability has the dominant role. The central bank as a monetary policymakers， mainly through the control of the money supply to adjust interest rates and the whole economy affect investment and，whether the deflating monetary policy or expansionary monetary policy is through the use of monetary policy tool to realize. Monetary policy tools have general policy tools，selective policy tools and other complementary policy tools three categories. General policy tools as the central banks main monetary policy tools including legal deposit reserve discount policy, the policy，and the open market operations，commonly known as the “three magic weapons”. This paper mainly through the analysis of general monetary policy tools in the transmission mechanism and its practical effect，with Chinas actual conditions to study the central bank is how to use this “three magic weapons”on the national economy and effectively regulate the impact the entire macroeconomic performance. Keywords： monetary policy，“three magic weapons”， conduction mechanism，the reality effect 目录 论中央银行货币政策工具的“三大法宝” 中央银行的货币政策工具以一般性货币政策工具为主，以选择性政策工具和其他补充性政策工具为辅。一般性政策工具是对货币