高中英语 语法精讲-定语从句 人教版第二册.docVIP

高二英语 语法精讲-定语从句 人教版第二册 【本讲教育信息】 一、教学内容 定语从句语法解读 定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个主句的从句，叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。 （一）引导定语从句的关系代词有as, that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和三个关系副词when, where, why。 定语从句中常用关系词的用法： 关系代词、关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 例句 who 指人 主语、宾语（口语中可省略） The boy who is standing there is my cousin. whom 指人 宾语（可省略） The man (whom)you met yesterday is Mr. Smith. as 指事物 主语、宾语、表语 This is the same book as I lost yesterday. As we all know, the earth moves around the sun. whose(=of whom=of which) 指人或物 定语 Do you know the boy whose father is an engineer? He lives in a house whose windows face south. that 指人或物 主语、宾语（可省略） I don’t know about the man (that) you mentioned. A plane is a machine that can fly. which 指物 主语、宾语（可省略） The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing. Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures. when(=in/on/at which) 表示时间的名词 时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. where(=in/on/at which) 表示地点的名词 地点状语 The factory where（in which）my father works is in the east of the city. why(=for which) 表示原因的名词 原因状语 None of us know the reason why(for which) Tom was absent from the meeting. （二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. 介词+关系代词中的关系代词只能是which或whom The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. 你昨天告诉我的那位绅士被证实是小偷。 2. 介词+关系代词中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断 This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。 Fortunately we had a map, without which we could have got lost. 幸运地是，我们带了一张地图，如果没有它的话，我们就会迷路了。 3. 当复合介词短语+which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常用逗号与先行词隔开，从句用倒装句语序 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 4. of +which / whom 表示所属关系（表所属关系还可用whose） Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which (=whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 5. 有时还用both /half /two of which / whom等表达方式 There are 40 students in our class, half of whom are from Shanghai. 即学即练： 1) This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under___ roof lives a large family of three generation. A. which B. that