20世纪英国文学答辩.ppt

1.Historical Background WW ( Word War One一战) Economic depression and workers movement. (经济萧条和工人运动) Irish nationalist movement （民族解放运动） WW （二战） 2.Cultural Background New Theories and Ideas (新的思想和理论) Darwins Evolutionary Theory(达尔文的进化论) Einsteins Theory of Relativity(爱因斯坦的相对论) Freuds Analytical Psychology(弗洛伊德的分析心理学) Karl Marks and Friedrich Engels Theory of Scientific Socialism (马克思和恩格斯的科学社会主义理论) Arthur SchopenhauersPessimism(亚瑟 叔本华的悲观主义) Friedrich Nietzsches Doctrines of Power and Superman (尼采的基督教精神及强权主义) Henry Bergsons Irrational Philosophy(伯格森的非理性主义哲学) Realism in the 20th Century English Literature(20世纪英国现实主义文学) 二十世纪英国现实主义文学改变了维多利亚时期那种高雅温和的倾向，加强了对英国社会的保守性和虚伪性的批判，具有一种冷峻的直面人生的特点。 Modernism(现代主义) A reaction against realism Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernistlitrrature are the distorted,alienated and ill relationships between man and nature ,man and society ,man and man,man and himself The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective . Some terms Symbolism 象征主义 Expressionism表现主义 Surrealism超现实主义 Futurism未来主义 Dadaism达达主义 Imagism意象主义 Stream of consciousness意识流 Existentialism存在文学 Theatre of absurd荒诞派戏剧 Black humor黑色幽默 English Novel of Early 20th Century The Realists: The English realists at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th continued and developed the traditions of the brilliant school of critical realism. They sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life.In their works criticism of the bourgeois world reaches considerable depth and poigancy.The notable names among theminclude Butler,Meredith and wells. Rudyard Kipling(鲁德亚德 吉卜林)1865-1936 major works: Departmental Ditties and Other Verses《分类的歌曲》 Seven Seas《七海》 The Five Nations《五国》 The Jungle Bo