module3Grammar.pptVIP

* Grammar The Third Period Grammar Ⅰ 过去分词作定语和表语 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。 一、过去分词作定语 　　过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 　　1、前置定语 　　单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。 　　A类： vt.的V-ed作定语被动和完成意义或单表被动意义： used stamps = stamps that have been used 用过的邮票 　　　　 a broken cup= a cup that have been broken 摔破的杯子 Polluted air and water (=air and water that have been polluted) are harmful to people’s health. We were given painted question papers. (=question papers that have been painted) spoken English= English that is spoken 口头英语 written English= English that is written 书面英语 B类：完成意义：（vi.的V-ed作定语不表示被动，而表示完成） boiled water＝water that has boiled开（过的）水 the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶 a developed country＝a country which has developed发达国家 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 【注意】使用V-ed作定语表示被修饰人/物所处的状态，“感到…的”，这些V-ed已成为adj. surprised people satisfied expression a worried/puzzled look/face/expression frightened children disappointed mother 【注意】单个V-ed与n./adv.构成复合adj.放在被修饰前作前置定语 Eg: English is a widely-used language. These are hand-made goods. highly-developed industry man-made satellite state-owned factory newly-built building 比较：English-speaking country meat-eating animal 2、后置定语 　　过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 　　　 Did you accept the invitation given(＝that had been given) by the tour guide? Most of the artists invited（＝who had been invited）to the party were from South Africa (MET90) English is a language spoken (= that is spoken) all over the world. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called(=who is called) Ms Shen. 【注意】V-ed修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面 Eg: He is one of those invited. There is nothing changed here since I left this town. Is there anything planned for the weekend﹖ 二、过去分词作表语 　　作表语的V-ed，在主-系-表句型中，说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如： 　　Y