英语北师大版必修4 Unit12 Cultural Shock-现在分词与过去分词的语法作用(ppt).ppt

* 高三英语总复习语法系列训练 分 词 一、形 式 ? 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done △??? 过去分词只有一种形式。 △ 现在分词： 二、 功 能 1．作表语 2．作定语 3．作状语 4．作宾语补足语 5. 现在分词的完成形式和被动形式 6. 独立结构 1．作表语。现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，如： The news was exciting. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed. He appeared satisfied with my answer. He seemed quite delighted at the idea. Don’t get excited. 注①：已经成为形容词的分词，可以用 very 修饰；没有完全成为形容词的分词宜用 much 或 quite，有时也可用very much，如： I’m very much pleased. He’s very much worried about his health. 注②：过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。 系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作，指主语所承受的动作。此外还有： 系表结构：a. 常用一般现在或一般过去时态；b. 一般不带状语； c. 可以有不及物动词的过去分词。 被动结构：a. 有多种时态，常与主动语态的时态一致；b. 可以带时 间、方式或 by 短语作状语；c. 必须是及物动词。 The small village is surrounded by trees. (状态) The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers. (动作) I’m interested in chess. I was interested by what you told me. The sun is risen. This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921. 2．作定语： ①?单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如： touching story / leading cadres / shining example / coming week / skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water / steamed bread Barking dogs seldom bite. Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall. 注：分词作定语时，意义上接近于一个定语从句，如： developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing liberated areas = areas that have been liberated ② 在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如： Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? They built a highway leading (= which leads) into the mountains. They are problems left (= which have been left) over by history. Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun? ③ 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况： a. 表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如： Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise. Did you see the man talking (who was