武科大流体力学Chapter1.pptVIP

流 体 力 学FLUID MECHANICS What’s fluid mechanics? It is the branch of applied mechanics concerned with the statics and dynamics of fluids. The analysis of the behavior of fluids is based on the fundamental laws of mechanics which relate continuity of mass and energy with force and momentum. Fluid mechanics vs. Solid mechanics: 1. The nature is much different to that of a solid, 2. In fluids we usually deal with continuous streams of fluid. In solids we only consider individual elements. Course Notes Period: 28 （Lecture：24 Practice：4） Test: Exam 70%,Experiment 15%,Others 15% Book:《FLUID MECHANICS》, 金晓宏 等主编, 中国电力出版社, 2011 《液压传动实验指导书》,金晓宏 等主编, 中国电力出版社, 2009 Outline What’s fluid? Definition of a fluid In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms under an applied shear stress, no matter how small it is. Solid Fluid Solid: withstanding the pressure, tension and shear force. Fluid: can only resist the pressure, can not resist any small tension and shear force. Reviews Fluid classification: Liquid or Gas. Character of fluid: can not maintain certain shape and has the fluidity. Forces on the Fluid: mass forces--gravity, inertia force, centrifugal force; surface forces--pressure, friction force. Compressibility The viscosity of a gas increases with temperature, the viscosity of a liquid decreases with temperature. Home Work Summary In this chapter : a fluid is defined; the consistent systems of common units are discussed ; some fluid properties are discussed; the definitions of some related terms are taken up. The total mass force and resultant acceleration are expressed by W and q， respectively. (1.7) (1.8) (1.9) the components（分量） of force If the mass force is only gravity and inertia force, the components of force per unit mass are： (2) Surface Force Surface force is the force acting on the surface (internal or external), and