管理学基础教学课件作者林景良课件第七章激励课件.pptVIP

Motivation And Individual Needs Motivation （激励） The willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need Need (需要） An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive Componentsof Motivation The Motivation Process激励的过程 Early Theories Of Motivation 早期激励理论 Hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow) 马斯洛需求层次理论 There is a hierarchy of five human needs; as each need becomes satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Physiological 生理需要: food, drink, shelter, sex Safety 安全需要 : physical safety Social 社会需要: affiliation with others, affection, friendship Esteem自尊需要: Internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement); external (status, recognition, and attention) Self-actualization自我实现需要: personal growth and fulfillment Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Early Theories Of Motivation (cont’d) Theory X (McGregor) x理论 The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, seek to avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to perform 不喜欢工作，懒惰，逃避责任，被动工作 Theory Y Y理论 The assumption that employees are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction 有创造性、寻求承担责任、自我指导 Theory X Premises x理论假设 A manager who views employees from a Theory X (negative) perspective believes: Employees inherently dislike work and, whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it. 员工天生不喜欢工作，尽可能逃避工作 Because employees dislike work, they must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve desired goals. 必须采取强制措施或惩罚办法，迫使他们实现组织目标 Employees will shirk responsibilities and seek formal direction whenever possible. 逃避责任，安于现状，循规蹈矩 Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work and will display little ambition. 大部分员工喜欢安逸，没有雄心壮志 Theory Y Premises Y理论假设 A manager who views employees from a Theory Y (positive) perspective believes: Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play. 员工视工作如休息娱乐一般自然 Men and women will exercise sel