初三英语动词不定式知识精讲.docVIP

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  • 2016-12-30 发布于天津
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初三英语动词不定式 【本讲主要内容】 动词不定式 【知识总结归纳】 一. 构成:to + 动词原形 二. 特征: 1. 不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也保留动词的特征,它有自己的宾语和状语,来构成不定式短语。 eg . I want to go there by bike . 2. 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有时态的变化。 (1)动词不定式的一般式:“to + 动词原形” eg . I am glad to meet you again . I want to go to the concert . (2)动词不定式的完成式:“to have + 动词的过去分词”。 eg . I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time . 三. 用法: 1. 作主语(如果不定式短语过长,可以把此短语放在句尾,主语的位置可以用it来替换,叫做形式主语) eg . ▲在it作形式主语的句子中,某些形容词之后,不定式之前常带有for sb,这类形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,interesting,necessary等。而在某些形容词之后,不定式之前常带有of sb,这类形容词有:nice,good,kind,clever,foolish,careful,polite等。 eg . It is hard for me to clean up the whole room in an hour . It is necessary for us to go over the lessons every day . It is kind of you to say so . It is polite of her to say hello to us . 2. 作宾语 eg . She wants to invite us to her birthday party . No one would like to talks with him . He tried to save money every month . ▲在某些复合宾语中可用it代表不定式,叫做形式宾语,将真正的宾语放在句尾。 eg . He found it difficult to listen to the teacher carefully . We thought it necessary to ask for her advice . ▲在某些动词的后面,既可以用不定式作宾语,又可以用动名词作宾语,但在意义上有所不同。 eg . (1)stop doing表示“停止做(正在做的事情)” stop to do表示“停下来,去做……” 比较:Let’s stop listening to the music , shall we ? 让我们停止听音乐,好吗? Let’s stop to listen to the music , shall we ? 让我们停下来,听听音乐好吗? (2)remember / forget doing 记得 / 忘记(已做过的)事情 remember / forget to do 记得 / 忘记(要去做的)事情 比较:I remember taking him to the farthest island . 我记得带他去过那个最远的岛。 Please remember to keep in touch with me . 请记住与我保持联系。 I forgot lending him my dictionary . 我忘记了我借过他我的字典。 Don’t forget to call me on time . 请不要忘记准时给我打电话。 3. 作宾语补足语 eg . He asked me to treat his cat carefully . Our teachers told us not to play football on the street . Would you like me to go fishing with you ? ▲在make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等动词后的复合宾语,不定式都不带to。 eg . Did you notice him go downstairs ? I saw a bird fly over the tree just now . The boss makes the workers work for twelve hours every day . 4. 作定语

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