初中英语主谓一致要点剖析.docVIP

主谓一致要点剖析英语中，句子的谓语动词必须在人称和数上和句子的主语保持一致。下面结合高考试题，对有关主谓一致的问题作一分析。 1. 由 either … or …， neither … nor … ， not only … but also …等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要和离动词最近的那个主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如： Neither you nor he is to blame. 你和他都不该受责备。 Not only the students but also the teacher has to memorize the text. 不仅学生而且老师都要把课文背熟。 Either he or you are to do that work. 不是他就是你要做那项工作。 2. 主语后面跟有 with， together with， but， along with， like， except， besides， including， in addition to， rather than， as well as 等加名词或代词构成的短语时，谓语动词的形式通常和这些短语前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如： I， as well as they， am ready to help you. 我和他们都乐意帮助你。 A woman with two children is coming. 一个妇女带着两个孩子走过来了。 Nobody but Tom and Mary was there. 只有汤姆和玛丽在那里。 An expert， together with some assistants， was sent to help in the work. 一位专家和几位助手被派去协助这项工作。 No one except my parents knows anything about it. 除了我父母谁也不知道这件事。 3. 由 and 连接的并列名词词组作主语时，如果主语是指两个或更多个人或物，谓语动词要用复数形式；如果主语是指同一个人或物，这时， and 后面的名词前面没有冠词，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： The secretary and the principal of the school were present at the meeting. 该校的书记和校长都出席了会议。 The secretary and principal of the school was present at the meething. 该校的书记兼校长出席了会议。 4. 集体名词如 family， team， group， class， club， committee， audience， public 等用作主语时，如果侧重一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果着重集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： His family isnt very large. 他家人口不多。 His family are all music lovers. 他家的人都喜欢音乐。 The audience was enormous. 观众人数很多。 The audience were greatly moved at the words. 听了这话，听众都很感动。 5. 在 there 或 here 引起的句子中，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词的形式要和与其临近的那个主语在数上保持一致。例如： There is a book， two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。 Here are a few envelopes， a pen and some paper for you. 这儿有几个信封、一支笔和一些纸给你。 6. “ a number of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式：“ the number of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： A number of books have been published on the subject. 有关这一学科的书出版了许多。 The number of the books published on the subject is simply amazing. 有关这一学科的书，出版的数量简直惊人。 7. 形式上是单数而意义上是复数的集体名词如 people， police， cattle （牛）， poultry （家禽）等用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；形式上是复数而意义上是单数的名词如 works （工厂）， savings （存款）， news （新闻）， mean