College Writing Skills, 5E John Langan大学写作技巧5E约翰龙眼.pptVIP

ESL Pointers College Writing Skills, 5E and College Writing Skills with Readings, 5EJohn Langan Articles with Count and Noncount Nouns Articles are noun markers: they signal that a noun will follow. There are indefinite articles and a definite article. Indefinite Articles The indefinite articles are A and AN. Use “a” before a word that begins with a consonant sound. EX.: A car; a piano; a uniform Use “an” before a word that begins with a vowel sound. EX. An effort; an office; an honor The Definite Article Articles An article may immediately precede a noun: a smile the reason Or it may be separated from the noun by modifiers: a slight smile the very best reason Count Nouns Count nouns name people, places, things, or ideas that can be counted and made into plurals. EXS.: teacher-- teachers restroom-- restrooms joke-- jokes Noncount Nouns Qualifiers The quantity of a noncount noun can be expressed with a word or words called a qualifier: Some, a lot of, a unit of, etc. Using a or an with Nonspecific Singular Count Nouns Use a or an with singular nouns that are nonspecific. A noun is nonspecific when the reader doesn’t know its specific identity. Using the with Specific Nouns A noun is specific in the following cases: Omitting Articles articles with nonspecific plurals and noncount nouns, that is, when they refer to something in general: Pockets didn’t exist until the end of the 1700s. Iris serves her children homemade lemonade. Using The with Proper Nouns Using The with Proper Nouns Subjects and verbs A particular subject can be used only once in a clause. Don’t repeat a subject in the same clause by following a noun with a pronoun. Including Pronoun Subjects and Linking Verbs Every clause, other than a command, must have a subject and a verb. Including There and Here at the Beginning of clauses A linking verb, usually in the form of to be, follows the words there and here when they begin a clause. In these cases, the verb comes