汽车与电气自动化.ppt

Automobile Automotive applications for electricity Automotive Lighting  The world’s first practical automobile was invented by Karl Benz in 1885. With a top speed of less than 10 miles per hour, only one major obstacle stood in its way—darkness. The “Benz Patent Motorwagen,” for all of its technological achievements, didn’t have headlights. Automotive lighting refers to the illumination systems of the automobile. From headlights to taillights, blinkers to side markers, dashboards to vanity lights, modern automotive lighting has come a long way from Karl Benz’s solution—the gas lantern. Let’s look at the different types of bulbs that can currently be found in automobiles: Incandescent Halogen (Halogen). A halogen lamp also uses a (tungsten) metal filament, but it is encased inside a much smaller quartz bulb (the heated filament is so close to the walls of the bulb, that a bulb made of glass would melt). The gas inside the bulb is halogen, a gas that actually helps extend the life of the filament and bulb through a recycling process that allows the bulb to last much longer than the tungsten counterpart. Since halogen bulbs burn hotter, they emit more light. Their visible light is also much whiter, allowing drivers to see further down the road. Under normal use, halogen bulbs will last approximately 60,000 miles of driving. High-Intensity Discharge (HID). The bluish tint you see on some vehicle headlights is created by a light technology that uses no filament. High-Intensity Discharge (HID) bulbs, also commonly referred to as xenon headlights, create light by applying electricity to high-pressure gas—xenon in this case. The gas is heated white hot, giving off visible light that appears nearly bluish-white in color. The color of the light is much closer to the color of sunlight, making it comfortable for the driver. The HID bulb uses less electricity, and lasts much longer than the other types of filament bulbs. HID bulb life is approximately 200,000 miles.