免疫生物学作业20130110.docVIP

1. Recognition of bacteria by mannose-binding lectin can lead to their destruction by the same mechanisms as recognition by antibody. Explain why this is so, and describe additional common features between these pathways of pathogen recognition 2. The innate immune system uses two different strategies to identify pathogens: recognition of nonself and recognition of self. (a) Give examples of each and discuss how each example contributes to the ability of the organism to protect itself from infection. (b) What are the disadvantages of these different strategies? recognition of nonself 溶菌酶、抗菌肽 吞噬型受体 TLR NOD RIG NK细胞的活化性受体 recognition of self 1. NK细胞抑制性受体： 2. 补体调控蛋白： Disadvantage: 1) 局限性 2）交叉反应性 3）本身突变 3. Mutation produced during affinity maturation are initially generated randomly by the action of AID, and yet eventually amino acid changes to the antibody are clustered to the three CDRs in the V regions. (a) What is the relationship between the location of the CDRs and the V(D)J junctions? (b) How might randomly generated mutations in DNA lead to an enrichment of mutations that are restricted to the CDRs after an immune response? （a）CDRs区和 V(D)J junctions之间的关系 (b)免疫应答后DNA随机产生的突变怎样富集限制在CDRs F R 保守 CDR 多变 识别，结合抗原 抗原识别，V区（CDR区）导入点突变 提高亲和力，体细胞高频突变 4.MHC class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ molecules are structurally and functionally homologous, yet have dissimilar pathways of assembly and delivery to the cell surface. (a) Describe how these differences in assembly and delivery are integrated with the different functions of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ molecules. (b) How do these functions related to the source from which class I or class II MHC receive peptides? (c) Give that the processes of cross-presentation and autophagy can redirect antigens from various sources for processing by alternative pathways, how do these processes alter your answer to (b)? a) B）MHC-I and MHC-II功能与MHC-I或MHC-II接受的抗原肽的来源关系