第十一章被动语态.docVIP

第十一章 被动语态： 一、定义：当不知道或无需知道施动者时，谓语的形式使用被动语态。 判断标准：by+人，主语（物质、人、动名词短语），和后面的动词形成被动关系 例Flowers should be watered once a day. Smoking isn’t allowed here I would not go to his party unless I was invited . 二、构成：be +动词的过去分词 注意：某些不规则动词的过去式和过去分词不相同,如give –gave—given, 有些动词三种形式相同，如put—put—put 例He gave a lot of advice to me.==A lot of advice was given to me 三、要求：动词必须是及物动词（如happen, take place, belong to不可用于被动语态） 例Do you know what happened to him ? The book belongs to him. Great changes has taken place in China in the past few years. 四、语态和时态的关系：同时考虑，(注意：be必须既考虑时态又兼顾单复数) 1)一般现在时的被动语态：am is are+过去分词 例Every year, many trees are planted on both sides of the streets 2)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词 例The telephone was invented in 1879. 3)一般将来时的被动语态：will/ shall be+过去分词 例Many buildings will be built in 5 years. 4)现在完成时的被动语态：：have/has been+过去分词例The flowers have been watered twice. 五、其他 1 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +过去分词 例Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes . 2 带补语的句子的被动语态：省略to 的动词不定式在变为被动语态时要加上to 下列单词在主动语态中加省略to 的动词不定式See/hear/notice/watch/make/let sb do 例I saw him go to that building.---He was seen to go to that building.。 3 带双宾语的句子的被动语态有两种： 例He gave me two packets（包）of sweets. --I was given two packets of sweets.---two packets of sweets was given to me. 4主动形式表示被动意义：feel/look/smell/taste/sound+形容词，可是 sell/wash…+副词 例The silk feels very soft and sells well. 丝绸摸起来很柔软，也很好卖。 5 need+动名词 （表示被动）。 例 There is something wrong with my MP4 player. It needs repairing. 6副词的位置：过去分词之前后 例Luckily, he is not badly hurt. Old people must be spoken to politely. 7 介词不可以丢：例The children should be taken care of well. 8 特殊句子：Alice, you are wanted on the telephone..爱丽丝，电话上有人找你。（你被人找） It is said/told/reported that 据说、据报道 六、过去分词-----只作定语或补语，其中后置定语可以和定语从句互换 1 前置定语------a balanced diet.平衡的饮食spoken English口语 written English书面语 后置定语----- 例Can you see the building built 3 years ago?（后置定语，被动意义） =Can you see the building which was b