(江苏)江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语 Unit1 Advertising语法讲解 牛津译林版必修4.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语 一. 定义 交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（The Direct Speech）, 另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语( The IndiOLOrect Speech)。例如： He said, “I will choose a book from my students.” 他说：“我将为学生选一本书。” = He said that he would choose a book from his student. 他说他将为学生选一本书。 二. 直接引语与间接引语的转化 1. 标点符号的变化： He said to me, “Don’t live in London!” = He told me not to live in London. 2. 语序的变化： 疑问语序变为陈述语序。 He said to me, “Do you live in London?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London. 3. 动词的变化： say (to) 在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。 He said to me, “Could you please live in London?” = He asked me if/whether I could live in London. = He asked me to live in London. 4. 连接词的变化： 连接词 1. 陈述句用that连接 He said to me, “I live in London.” = He told me that he lived in London. 2. 一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接 He said to me, “Do you live in London?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London. He asked me, “Do you live in London or Paris?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris. He asked me, “You live in London, don’t you?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London. 3. 特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接 He said to me, “When do you live in London?” = He asked me when I lived in London. 5. 时态的变化： 时态变化 1. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。 He says, “I live in London.” = He says that he lives in London. He says, “I have lived in London for years.” = He says that he has lived in London for years. 2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化： 一般现在时---一般过去时 一般将来时---过去将来时 现在完成时---过去完成时 现在进行时---过去进行时 一般过去时---过去完成时 He said, “I live in London.” = He said that he lived in London. He said, “I am living in London now.” = He said that he was living in London then. He said, “I will live in London next year.” = He said that he would live in London the next year. He said, “I lived in London for years.” = He said that he had lived in London for years. 3. 但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变。 He said, “When I saw her, she was living in London.” = He said that when he saw her