高三英语主谓一致和强调句、祈使句、倒装句知识精讲.doc

高三英语主谓一致和强调句、祈使句、倒装句 【本讲主要内容】 主谓一致和强调句、祈使句、倒装句 【知识总结归纳】 I. 主谓一致小结： 主谓一致就是指英语的句子中，句子的主语和谓语动词在单复数的意义表达上达到一致。主谓一致在高中英语中是很常见的语法现象。处理主谓一致有三条原则： （1）语法一致 （2）意义一致 （3）就近原则 1. 谓语采取就近原则： either…or…, neither…nor…, or, not only…but （also）…, Neither he nor they have been to that valley near the city. Is either he or you going to visit the museum? 2. “not A but B” 做主语时，谓语与B一致。 “A and not B” 做主语时，谓语与A一致。 Not you but he is the winner of the match. You and not he are the winner of the match. 3. and，both…and 连接并列主语，谓语通常用复数。 但是，并列主语如果指同一人，同一事物，或同一概念时，谓语用单数。 The poet and writer has come. A knife and fork is on the dinner table. 另外，当and 连接的两个单数名词分别被every, each, no修饰时，谓语仍用单数。 Each boy and each girl wants to see the famous film and get a picture of the film star. 4. 单个的动名词短语，不定式短语，主语从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数；并列的此类结构做主语， 谓语用复数。 Seeing is believing. To go to the palace with just a flower is to say, “I’m poor. I haven’t any jewelry.” Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important in learning English. 5. 表示金钱，度量，时间，距离，路程等复数名词做主语时，一般把这些复数名词视为一个整体，其后谓语动词用单数。 Five hundred dollars is not enough for the poor village. 6. 单数主语，尽管其后有together with, along with, with, but, except, besides, like, as well as, including, rather than（而不是）, more than（多于）, no less than（和……一样）等短语连接有附加成分，谓语仍用单数。 He, together with his friends, has gone to the football statues to watch the match. 7. family, team, group, class, company, government, enemy, crowd等集体名词做主语时，如视为整体则谓语用单数，如强调个体的行为则用复数。 His family is going on holiday now. His family are watching TV. 8. people, cattle, police 表总称，它们做主语时谓语用复数。 The people in the town are looking at the king without clothes. 9. glasses, trousers, clothes, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等做主语时，谓语用复数。但如果名词前带有kind of, piece of, pair of, sort of, type of等修饰时,谓语由kind, piece等的数来定。 A pair of shoes was in the box. His trousers are ready. Please tell him to fetch