【整合】特殊句式（强调、替代、省略和倒装）讲解材料（备课用）.docxVIP

特殊句式(强调、替代、省略和倒装)讲解材料（备课用）【考点分析】强调句1.强调句型用于强调陈述句;2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;4.强调句型用于强调not…until…句型;5.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句的混合考查。替代1.do/does/did替代动词;2.so和not分别代替肯定和否定的从句.省略1.主语的省略;2.谓语或谓语的一部分的省略;3.宾语的省略;4.不定式的省略;5.宾语从句和状语从句中的省略;6.虚拟条件句中if的省略。倒装句1.部分倒装;2.完全倒装3.常考的几个重要句型：So +be/情态/助动词+主语Neither+be/情态/助动词+主语So +adj/adv …+that …Neither …, nor …Not only …, but also …Not until …【知识点归纳】为了表达说话人强烈的感情色彩或达到语法结构的需要，常采用强调。应用中，强调常通过强调结构、语法性倒装、修辞性倒装等来体现。作为修辞手段，省略和替代能使语句简练、紧凑，但往往给学生的理解和选择造成一定的障碍。在近几年的高考题中省略和替代现象时有出现，而且出错率较高，原因是因为大多数考生对省略和替代的规律不明了。请注意下面的说明。I.强调句1.It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语、或状语)，常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语。原始句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a fiml that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…;如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…。另外，还有下面几点需要特别注意：①在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致It is I who am a teacher.[来源:Zxxk.Com]②即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数It is they who often help me with my lessons.③在强调时间、地点、原因、或方式状语时，不要用when,where,why 或 how ，而用thatIt was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us.④在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语(或从句)表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型It is(was) not until ...that...。that 从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。My father didnt come home until 12 oclock last night.It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.⑤在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序：即把is/ was提到it前面。Did this happen in Beijing?Was it in Beijing that this happened?⑥特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/was + it + that/ who + 其它部分? Where were you born?Where was it that you were born?⑦not …until…句型的强调句句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分原始句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until