高中英语书面表达步步高讲练.doc

高中英语书面表达步步高讲练 一、规范书写 书写是一个人的基本功，是其综合素质的体现。高考书面表达评分标准规定，评分时要注意“拼写及标点符号的准确性”，“如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。” 1. 移行的规则 移行应遵循单词的音节。音节的划分一般为“一归后，二分手，字母组合手拉手”。 “一归后”：指两个元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时，在移行划分音节时，这个辅音字母归后，如：student→ stu-dent, definite→ de-fi-nite。 “二分手”：指两个元音字母之间有两个辅音字母时，在移行划分音节时要分属前后。如：supper→ sup-per, middle→ mid-dle, compound→ com-pound。 “字母组合手拉手”：指凡是固定字母组合的发音移行时不可分开，如：picture, national中的ure, tion不能拆开。 一下细节问题更要注意： （1）一个字母构成的音节，不能在它的前后拆开移行，如ahead, idea不能拆成a-head, i-dea。 （2）单音节词不论其长短都不能拆开移行，如：text, horse, straight。 （3）带有铅坠或后缀的词移行时，应在前缀与词根相接处拆开移行，如：careful→ care-ful, boyhood→ boy-hood。 （4）复合词移行时，应在连字符处或构成的两部分之间拆开。如：bookstore→ book-store, headmaster→ head-master。 （5）有些动词的简略式不可拆开移行，如：aren’t, don’t, haven’t, shouldn’t等。 （6）词尾-ed，-es等中的e不发音第 1 页 共 27 页时，就不算一个音节，不能拆开移行，如：walked, stayed, goes。 2. 规范三写 We didn’t know the address, but we had their telephone number. We must go now, or it will be late. (2) 逗号用在引导性的介词短语、分词、ing形式、不定式和从句之后。 When the sun went down, we started the fire. In the middle of the room, there is a big Christmas tree. Exhausted, she fell asleep on the chair. (3) 逗号用于分隔非限制性句子成分。 For most foreigners, who have no knowledge of English, language is the chief problem. Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, is one of his greatest plays. (4) 逗号用在一系列结构平行的句子成分中。 He speaks slowly, clearly, and emphatically. I studied English, French, and Latin. (5) 逗号用于分隔插入成分、过渡词语和对照词语。 The picnic, it seems, will be held on Sunday. You, too, may have a try. The problem, however, remains unsolved. (6) 逗号用来分隔感叹句、呼语词和反意疑问句中的附加疑问句。 Goodness, did the bell ring? Excuse me, sir, is this a bank? You will not leave, will? (7) 逗号用来分隔句子的修饰语（独立成分）。 Considering the weather, we made a good time. Generally speaking, women are more careful than men. (8) 逗号用来把yes, no与句子的其它部分分开。 Yes, he is. No, I don’t. (9) 逗号用于分隔日期、地点、地址、数字、书信、头衔、直接引语等。 She graduated on July 6, 1996, from Beijing University. He lives in St. Louis, Missouri. 1,918,102 Dear John, Jerry Smith, M.A., Ph. D. She said, “Only a fool would believe you.” (10) 为避