语法5演示文稿1.ppt [自动保存的].pptVIP

一般现在时—— am／is ／are + v.p.p. 一般过去时—— was／were +v.p.p. 一般将来时—— will be／be going to be + v.p.p. 情态动词—— aux.v. (must／can／could ／may…) + be + v.p.p. 现在完成时—— have/has +been+ v.p.p. 　被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 。 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice) What is it? A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. When to use it? （1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 （2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是 动作的执行者。 这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。 这些恐龙蛋是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调恐龙蛋被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept. These dinosaur eggs were found in the 1920s. the Structure is 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P) 主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲: 1.主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。 2.谓语动词变为被动语态。 3.主动结构主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介 词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动词执行者无须说明或强调时，by短语可以省略。 Nancy designed the educational CD-ROM. 主语 谓语 宾语 The educational CD-ROM was designed by Nancy. 1. Many people speak English. English 2. He bought me a new bike yesterday. I A new bike 3. The boss made him do the heavy work. He is spoken by many people. was bought a new bike yesterday. was bought yesterday. was made the heavy work. for me to do What will happen in 100 years. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义 1、不及物动词无被动语态。表示发生的(take place happen occur) , break out fit cost last belong to agree with 等 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： read write sell wash clean cook 常常与well badly easily smoothly 等副词连用 不用被动语态 (注意 一定要与副词连用 .否则可用被动语态 . This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 比较 The apples sell well /The apples are sold yesterday The door can’t open 4 smell taste feel look sound prove turn up (出现) 作连系动词 与形容词连用时不用被动语态 3 open move shut lock keep 常常与 can’t won’t hardly 等连用时 不用被动语态 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 5 感官动词see watch hear 等或使役动词make have let 使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. He gave