专业英语重要翻译.doc

Unit 6 A Samuel Morse developed the first electronic communications system in 1837. Morse used electromagnetic induction to transfer information in the form of dots, dashes, and spaces between a simple transmitter and receiver using a transmission line consisting of a length of metallic wire. He called his invention the telegraph. In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson were the first successfully transfer human conversation over a crude metallic wire communications system, they called the telephone Samuel?Morse?于1837年发明了第一个电子通信系统。Morse?利用电磁感应来传送用点、破折号、空格表示信息，简易的发送机与接收机之间用金属传输线连接。他把他的发明称为电报。1876年，Alexander?Graham?Bell?和?Thomas?A.?Watson?利用一个简陋的金属线通信系统成功地传送了人的对话，他们把这个系统称为电话。 Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmitted the first wireless radio signals through Earth? s atmosphere in 1894, and in 1908 Lee Deforest invented the triode vacuum tube which provided the first practical means of amplifying electrical signals. Commercial radio began in 1920 when radio stations began broadcasting amplitude-modulated (AM) signals, and in 1933, Major Edwin Howard Armstrong invented frequency modulation (FM). Commercial broadcasting of FM began in 1936. Guglielmo?Marconi?于1894年首次成功地通过大气层发送了无线电信号。?Lee?de?Forest于1908年发明了真空三极管，为放大电信号提供了第一个实用手段。商用广播始于1920年，当时采用的是调幅（AM）信号。1933年，?Edwin?Howard?Armstrong?发明了频率调制（FM），而商用调频广播始于1936年。 Although the fundamental concepts and principles of electronic communications have changed little since their inception, the methods and circuits used to implement them have undergone considerable change. In recent years, transistors and linear integrated circuits have simplified the design of electronic communications circuits, thus allowing for miniaturization, improved performance and reliability, and reduced overall costs. In recent years, there has been an overwhelming need for more and more people to communicate with each other. This tremendous need has stimulated a monumental growth in the electronic communications industry. Modern ele