主语和谓语的一致.doc

8.1 主语和谓语的一致 主语和谓语的一致一般涉及三个原则： 语法一致原则 ( Grammatical Concord ) - 即形式上的一致或动词和主语的数互相匹配。如： The taboo against eating pork occurs in more than one culture. 不止一种文化有忌食猪肉的风俗。（B2-U1-L39） 意义一致原则 ( Notional Concord ) - 即意义或意念上的一致或按照数的概念动词与主语相一致。如： Danish bacon and eggs makes a good solid English breakfast. 丹麦式的熏咸肉加鸡蛋做成了一顿美味的英国早餐。 邻近性原则 ( Principal of Proximity ) - 即动词不与主语中主要的词语相一致，而与最邻近它的词语相一致。如： Either your brakes or your eyesight is at fault. 要么是你的刹车，要么是你的视力出了毛病。 8.1.1??单个名词作主语时的主谓一致 1．集体名词，如army, audience, bacteria, band, board, brood, cabinet, cast, class, club, committee, community, company, council, couple, crew, crowd, data, enemy, faculty, family, flock, gang, government, group, herd, household, jury, media, navy, nobility, opposition, party, personnel, press, public, school, society, staff, team 等作主语，动词的形式常取决于说话者或写作者的意图。当集体名词强调整体时，谓语动词应取单数形式；如果强调某组织或集体的每一个个体时，谓语动词应取复数形式。如： The first group were given nothing at all. The second group were given a placebo. 第一组人什么也没给。第二组人用了安慰剂。（B1-U2-L34） Our group is composed of eight boys and three girls. 我们组由8个男孩和3个女孩组成。 The staff has been cut by a quarter over the past year. 去年员工被裁减了四分之一。(B1-p19-L2) The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase. 员工们对最近一次的加薪不很满意。(B1-p19-L4) Note:有生命的集体名词如cattle, clergy, livestock, militia, people, personnel, police, poultry, youth等作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；无生命的集体名词如clothing, jewelry, machinery, merchandise, poetry等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Sadly, the youth of today arent so sure about their idols. 遗憾的是，现在的年轻人并不清楚自己的偶像是谁。(B3-U11-L6) New machinery was introduced in the factory. 工厂引进了新的机器。 2．一些以-ics, 结尾的名词，如aerobics, aesthetics, aeronautics, athletics, biogenetics, civics, cryonics economics, electronics, ethics, eugenics, genetics, gymnastics, linguistics, mathematics, mechanics, phonetics, politics, statistics等作 一门学科解释时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示其它意义时用复数形式。如： If cryonics doesnt work, it is the same as just dying.如果人体冷冻法行不通，那么与死去也没有什么区别。(BOOK 3??UNIT 4??Back from the Dead) Politics is much more