六级汉译英讲义.doc

六级汉译英讲义 汉译英基本程序 汉译英应试原则（如遇之处，换用其它相近说法表达）时态、语态、单复数 内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删） 语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯（）程序 通读并透彻理解原文确定译文句子的时态句型、结构 审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。汉译英 倍数增减的表示法 Force N1 is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 (比力N2大2.5倍). This substance reacts three times as fast as the other one (反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). The earth is 49 times the size of the moon (是月球大小的49倍). The landlord wants to raise the rent by a third(想将租金提高三分之一). They plan to double their investment (计划将投资增加一倍). 时态 Be quick, or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church (否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). When she got home, the children had fallen asleep (孩子们已经睡着了). When I prepare for the college entrance examination, my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside (我姐姐将在海边度假). I have been revising my resume all the morning (一上午都在修改我的简历). Do you often go on holiday? No. It has been five years since I went on holiday (不，我已经有五年没有度假了). He joined the army in October, 2001. He has been in the army for 5 years (他参军已五年了). 被动语态 The blackboard and chalk is being replaced by the computer and the projector (正在被电脑和投影机所取代). The book will have been published by the end of this year (到今年年底就将已出版). Computer models can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work (可以用来演示细胞工作的方式). When the bill of fare was brought, I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated (我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料). Effective measures must be taken immediately (必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms. 情态动词 The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. She can’t be at home (但是没人接听。她一定不在家). I can’t find my sunglasses. I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday (我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了). You screamed in your sleep last night. You must have dreamed of something terrible (你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了). It’s a pity. You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony (你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的). I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party (其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚