情态动词加have加过分.doc

7 情态动词+have+过去分词　　英语中，表示对过去某种情况进行推测或对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行推测，常用情态动词must, may, might, can, could, should, ought to, would等＋have＋过去分词表示。一般来说，说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同，使用的情态动词也不同。现分述如下：　　1. must＋have＋过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行推测。只用于肯定的陈述句中(在否定句及疑问句中用can ),意思是一定已经。例如：　　If he had really been there, I must have seen him.如果他当时确实在那里，我一定会看见他。　　Her watch must have stopped. I will go and call her.她的表准是停了。我去叫她。　　2. may／might＋have＋过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，即说话人认为过去某事发生的可能性或某状态存在的可能性一般。可用于肯定句(意思是可能已经)和否定句(意思是可能没有)；might的语气没有may那么肯定。例如：　　She may have read the book.她可能已经看过这本书了。　　He might not have got your letter.他或许没有收到你的来信。　　3. can／could＋have＋过去分词：表示对过去某种行为或存在的状态的怀疑或不肯定推测。can常用于否定句(意思是不可能已经)和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是那时可能;本来可以)。例如：　　Dont worry-they could have just forgotten to phone.别担心--他们很可能只是忘了打电话。　　Where can he have gone?他可能去哪里了呢?　　4. need＋have＋过去分词：该句式常用于否定句，表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情或过去做某事纯属多余，含有根本不必；本来不必之意，也可用于疑问句。例如：　　You neednt have told them that.你没有必要告诉他们那个。　　Need they have done it last week?他们上周做这事有必要吗?　　5. should／ought to＋have＋过去分词：肯定式表示过去本应做某事(但没做)；否定式表示过去不该做某事(但做了)。该句式含有不满或责备之意。例如：　　Youre right. I should have thought of that.你说得对。我应当想到那点(但没想到)。　　She ought to have been more careful.她本该更小心些。　　6. would＋have＋过去分词：表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做，通常用来说明某种情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。例如：　　I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill.我本来要早点给你写信，但我生病了。　　If I had seen the advertisement I would have applied for the job.我要是看见那个广告了，我就申请那份工作了。　　从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。　　1. John ________ a better job, but he was too careless.　　A. should do B. must have done C. could do D. could have done　　2.─I dont know why he is late.　　─Nor do I. He ________ have had an accident.　　A. can B. should C. might D. must　　3. The playground is all wet. It ________ rained last night.　　A. had B. can have C. should have D. must have　　4. Its already eleven oclock. He ________ to bed.　　A. must have gone B. must go C. should have gone D. cant have gone　　5.─Who told you