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2017-01-07 发布于北京
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[国际贸易chapter2.ppt

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[国际贸易chapter2

Chapter Two Early Theories of International Trade Historical development of classical trade theories: Mercantilism Regulation to ensure a positive trade balance Critics: possible only for short term Absolute advantage (Adam Smith) Countries benefit from exporting what they make cheaper than anyone else But: nations without absolute advantage do not gain from trade Comparative advantage (David Ricardo) Nations can gain from specialization, even if they lack an absolute advantage Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.1 Mercantilism Existed in Europe from 1500 to 1800.（欧洲资本主义原始积累时期） Gold and silver were the mainstays of national wealth and essential to vigorous commerce. It was in a countrys best interests to maintain a trade surplus, to export more than it imported. Imports were limited by tariffs and quotas, and exports were subsidized. 工厂手工业地理大发现商品货币经济迅速发展社会财富重心由土地转向金银货币资本主义原始积累时期 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.1 Mercantilism The English mercantilist Thomas Mun wrote in 1630: The ordinary means therefore to increase our wealth and treasure is by foreign trade, wherein we must ever observe this rule: to sell more to strangers yearly than we consume of theirs in value. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.1 Mercantilism 恩格斯曾形象地形容：这个时期的重商主义者就像守财奴一样，双手抱住他的钱袋，用嫉妒和猜疑的目光打量着他的邻居。 ——《马克思恩格斯全集》第一卷 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The Challenge to Mercantilism David Hume(大卫.休谟) in 1752 : the price-specie-flow mechanism (价格-货币-流转机制) Summary of the Price-Specie-Flow Mechanism Exports Imports ExportsImports Step1 Net inflow of specie Net outflow of