[哈佛大学公开课.docVIP

第一讲 《杀人的道德侧面》 这是一门讨论公正的课程,我们以一则故事作为引子:假设你是一名电车司机,你的电车以60英里/小时的速度在轨道上飞驰, 突然发现在轨道的尽头有五名工人正在施工. 你无法让电车停下来,因为刹车坏了. 你此时极度绝望,因为你深知如果电车撞向那五名工人,他们全都会死。假设你对此确信无疑,你极为无助,直到你发现在轨道的右侧有一条侧轨,而在侧轨的尽头只有一名工人在那施工。而你的方向盘还没坏，只要你想，就可以把电车转到侧轨上去。牺牲一人挽救五人性命。This is a course about justice, and we begin with a story. Suppose you’re the driver of a trolley car, and your trolley car is hurtling down the track, at 60 miles an hour.And at the end of the track you notice five workers working on the track. You try to stop but you can’t, but your brakes don’t work. You feel desperate because you know that if you crash into these five workers, they will all die. Let’s assume you know that for sure, and so you feel helpless, until you notice that there is off to the right, a side track and at the end of that track, there is one worker working on the track. Your steering wheel works, so you can turn the trolley car, if you want to, onto the side track. Killing the one but sparing the five. 下面是我们的第一个问题: 何为正确的选择?Here’s our first question: what’s the right thing to do? 换了你会怎么做?我们来做个调查。What would you do? Let’s take a poll. 有多少人会把电车开到侧轨上去，请举手How many would turn the trolley car onto the side track? Raise your hands. 有多少人会让电车继续往前开How many would go straight ahead? 选择往前开的，请不要把手放下Keep your hands up, those of you who would go straight ahead. 只有少数人选择往前开，绝大多数都选择转弯A handful of people would, the vast majority would turn. 我们先来听听大家的说法，探究一下为何，你们会认为这是正确的选择。Let’s hear first, now we need to begin to investigate the reasons, why you think it’s the right thing to do. 先从大多数选择了转向侧轨的同学开始 Let’s begin with those in the majority who would turn to go onto the side track. 为何会这样选择?理由是什么? 有没有自告奋勇的 Why would you do it? What would be your reason? Who’s willing to volunteer a reason? 你来 站起来告诉大家 Go ahead. Stand up. 我认为当可以只牺牲一个人时，牺牲五人不是正确之举。当可以只牺牲一人时,牺牲五人不是正确之举 Because it can’t be right to kill five people,when you can only kill one person instead. It wouldn’t be right to kill five if you could kill one person instead. 这理由不错,不错。还有