2014届高考英语二轮专题复习专项系列资料被动语态复习课件.pptVIP

* 一、语态概述 所谓语态是指主语和谓语动词的关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。当主语为谓语动词所表示的动作的发出者时，谓语动词要用主动语态；当主语为谓语动词的所表示动作的承受者或对象时，谓语动词用被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都有不同的时态。 Eg1. The students clean the classroom every day. 主语 谓语 宾语 学生们每天都打扫教室。 （主语the students是打扫教室这一动作发出者。） Eg2. The classroom is cleaned every day. 主语 谓语 教室每天都要打扫。 (主语the classroom 是谓语动词clean这一动作的承受者。) 二、被动语态的用法 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 Eg1. This watch is made in China. 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Eg1. More trees must be planted every year. 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Eg1. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (强调汉语的适用范围广泛) 4. 动作的发出者不是人时。 Eg1. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 三、被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成为： 助动词be +及物动词的过去分词 各种时态的被动语态都是由基本构成推演出来的，具体表现为： 1. 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词+ 其他 Eg1. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 2. 一般过去时 主语 + was/were +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. The kite was made by him yesterday. 3. 现在进行时 主语 + am/is/ are being + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. A new teaching building is being built in our school now. 4. 过去进行时 主语 + was/were being +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 5. 一般将来时 主语 + will/shall/be going to be +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. More new teaching buildings will be built in the countryside next year. 6. 现在完成时 主语 + have/has been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. The work has been done by him already. 7. 过去完成时 主语 + had been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. The homework had been finished by him before 7 pm yesterday. 8. 过去将来时 主语 + would/should/(was/were) going to be +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. My mother said a big birthday cake would be made for me by her. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态 主语 + 情态动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 Eg1. The work can be done in a new way. 四、主动语态变为被动语态的基本步骤 1. 把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语（如是人称代词要由宾格变为主格）。 2. 谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。 3. 主动句中的主语变为由by引导的宾语（人称代词由主格变为宾格）。 4. 其他成分照抄。 Eg1. People speak English in England. 主语 谓语 宾语 其它成分 ③ ② ① ④ English