[第7章模拟信号的数字化传输.pptVIP

In general,the second method is adopted.Let first that the analog signal passes through a compression (non-linear)amplifier Concept of non-uniform quantification 1.The step of quantification is proportional to the input of quantizer. 2.The RMS of quantizing noise power is proportional to the sampling value. To satisfy these conditions,we have two widely used compression laws μ-law and A-law y=ln(1+μx)/ln(1+μ) (μ-law ) y=Ax/(1+lnA) 0≤x≤1/A (A-law) y=(1+lnAx)/(1+lnA) 1/A≤x≤1 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. where μ=255 and A=87.6 Why have the values of μ=255 and A=87.6 be chosen? For practical reasons,explications x y 1 1 0 y=x Normalized compression characteristics (compandor) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 非均匀量化 非均匀量化的目的是为了使量化信噪比不随信号x（量化的输入信号）的大小变化，也就是说，要保证小信号时的量化信噪比不至于太恶化，那么，就应使各量化级间隔随x成线性关系，即 Δx∝x而压扩器的输出为y y=f(x)为归一化压扩曲线? x经压扩后,y进行均匀量化,就能实现非均匀量化. 设y取值范围为±1,共有N个量化级,那么均匀量化器的量化间隔 即为: 非线性量化的具体推导 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 当N很大时,我们可把对应的曲线用一直线来近似,并有 ? 即 xi :第i个量化间隔的中间值 由于 (量化信噪比是一与x基本无关的常数) 则 当N很大时( 很小),把以上分段线形的函数看成连续曲线,则 解方程得 lnx=ky+c Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 初始条件x=1,y=1 则c=-k 也就是说若压缩条件满足 ,我们就可获得 理想的压缩效果,即量化信噪比与信号幅度基本无关. 考察压扩关系 ,发现当x=0时 , 这样 的压扩是不能接受的. 对压扩特性 作修正 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 所谓的A压缩律就是以上特性修正后的一种函数 A压缩律 y:归一化压缩器输出电压 x:归一化压缩器输入电压 A:压扩参数 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyrig