阅读理解方法指导（new）.pptVIP

阅读理解方法指导一 ——主旨大意题和细节理解题 启东市东南中学 2013年高考考纲：要求考生能读懂简易的文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志及各类媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 1. 理解语篇主旨大意； 2. 理解文中具体信息； 3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； 4. 根据文中事实和线索做出简单的判断和推理； 5. 理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系； 6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度； 7. 提炼文章结构、概括主要内容、理解关键信息。 阅读理解集中全面地考查考生从阅读中准确获取信息的能力，强调考生对语篇的整体把握能力，对语言文化因素的运用能力和解决实际问题的能力。 通过分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。 常见的提问形式： 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What is the best title for the passage? 3. Which of the following would be the best title? 4. Which of the following sentences can summarize the main idea of the passage? 5. Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6. Which of the following statements best express the main idea of the paragraph? Example 1 Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters. Sometimes they spray a “cake smell” into the air. At other times they spray the fresh of baking bread. These smells are enough to make people’s mouths water. The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cakes, bread, rolls and other baked goods! Q: The main idea of the paragraph is ___________. A. what cakes smell like  B. why bakeries make money  C. how people are attracted to bakery counters D. what bakery counters in supermarkets sell C. how people are attracted to bakery counters 主题句出现在文章的开头。这些文章开门见山提出主题，随之用细节来解释或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。在说明文，议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种方式。 Example 2 Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the commo