第十三章 综合计划.docxVIP

第十三章综合计划主要内容Outline13.1 计划过程[THE PLANNING PROCESS][长、中和短期计划-高中低层管理] 13.2 综合计划的性质[THE NATURE OF AGGREGATE PLANNING][市场需求+预测与订货+产品决策+RD+流程与产能+人力资源] 13.3 综合计划策略[AGGREGATE PLANNING STRATEGIES] 产能策略Capacity Options [调整库存+人员+加班或停工+分包+雇佣兼职]需求策略Demand Options [影响需求+延期交货+反季节产品组合+营销]制定计划的组合策略Mixing Options to Develop a Plan[追随策略+平准策略/调度] 13.4 综合计划编制方法METHODS FOR AGGREGATE PLANNING图表法Graphical and Charting Methods 编制计划的数学方法Mathematical Approaches to Planning [线性规划的运输方法+管理系数模型+线性决策模型和模拟] 编制计划方法的比较Comparison of Aggregate Planning Methods 13.5 服务业的综合计划 AGGREGATE PLANNING IN SERVICES 餐饮Restaurants医院Hospital其它服务业Miscellaneous Services 全国连锁小型服务企业National Chains of Small Service Firms航空业Airline Industry13.6 收益管理 YIELD/revennue MANAGEMENT航空酒店[案例]安海斯-布希公司Global Company Profile: Anheuser-Busch综合计划为安海斯-布希公司带来竞争优势啤酒生产40%的美国市场Anheuser-Busch produces nearly 40% of the beer consumed in the U.S.15分钟的生产周期高效的设备利用，使公司所有品牌的工厂、工人和库存都能满足变化的需求 Matches fluctuating demand by brand to plant, labor, and inventory capacity to achieve high facility utilization 高效设备利用要求High facility utilization requires 产品批次之间的仔细清理Meticulous cleaning between batches 有效的维护Effective maintenance 高校的员工和设备安排Efficient employee and facility scheduling产品导向的较高生产设备投资Product-focused facility with high fixed costs高效的设备利用要求有效的综合计划High utilization requires effective aggregate planning of the four basic stages of production---四个生产阶段挑选和运送原材料Selection and delivery of raw materials由碾磨、发酵到成熟的酿制过程Brewing process from milling to aging[加入啤酒花]综合计划/综合调度：为中期[3-18个月的期量]确定生产产量和生产时间Determine the quantity and timing of production for the immediate future目标是通过计划调整以下要素实现计划期的成本最小化Objective is to minimize cost over the planning period by adjusting生产速度Production rates劳动水平Labor levels库存水平Inventory levels加班工作Overtime work分包率Subcontracting rates其它可控变量Other controllable variables进行综合计划要求考虑以下要素Required for aggregate planning---结合战略目标衡量销量和产量的合理单位A logical overall unit for measuring sales and output在合理的中期计划内对需求量进行预测A forecast of demand for an intermediate plann