2009届高考英语重点语法复习讲义.docVIP

2009届高考英语重点语法复习讲义 目 录 一、非谓语动词 二、动词的时态和语态 三、动词和短语动词 四、情态动词和虚拟语气 五、定语从句 六、状语从句 七、名词性从句 八、强调、替代、省略和倒装 九、冠词 十、形容词、副词 十一、代 词 十二、名词及主谓一致 一 非谓语动词 一、概述 基本形式的变化： 不定式： 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing ? 完成式 to have built to have been built 例1：John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）例2：He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)例3：He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)例4：He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)例5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)V-ing形式： 时态 主动态 被 动 态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 不及物动词没有被动式 动名词 例1：I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）例2：He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）例3：I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) （= I am confident that he have passed the exam.） 例4：He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态) 现在分词 例1：He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态) 例2：Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态) 例3：Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态) 例4：All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态) 2、所做成分 项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 动词的ing形式 现在分词 △ △ △ △ 动名词 △ △ △ △ 不定式 △ △ △ △ △ △ 过去分词 △ △ △ △ 二、基本知识 （一）动词不定式在句中充当的成分(1)作主语。 例如：To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 例如：It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 (2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) 例如：He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。 He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。 I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 例如：He considered it better to leave now.他认为