洛阳唐朝军事经济文化艺术英文.docVIP

Politics Tang Dynasty had a large area of 12.51million square kilometers in its prime time, east to the Korean Peninsula, west to the Aral Sea in middle Asia, south to the Hue area in Vietnam and north to Lake Baikal. There were many ethnic minorities around the Tang Dynasty, such as Turk, Huihe, Mohe, Tiele, Shiwei( the ancestor of Mongolia),Khitan. .Six Duhus( a local military administratetive machinery ) were established to govern those minolities effectively, respectively named Anxi,Anbei,Andong, Annan,Chanyu, Beiting. Tang Dynasty opened up the organizational systems ,that is ,Dao and Fu(city) ,in the political division history. In the first year of the reign of Zhenguan(the reign title of Li Shiming),namely in 627,the emperor Taizong divided the land into ten Daos,under Dao were Zhou and Fu under which was county. In the last year of the reign of emperor Xuanzong ,there were 320 Zhous and Fus as well as 1573counties. As regards the official system in Tang Dynasty, the central government carried out the Three Departments and Six Ministries. It included three masters: Taishi ,Taifu, Taibao(responsible for tutoring the prince). Three Excellencies:Taiwei( Grand Commandant) , Situ (Minister over the Masses) and Sikong(Minister of Works ). The three departments were Zhongshu (the Secretariat) , Menxia(the Chancellery , also translated as Edict Examination Bureau), and Shangshu ( the Department of State Affairs) , while the six ministries referred to the Ministry for Personnel , Revenue for census data collecting taxes, and handling state revenues, Rites for state ceremonies, rituals , War for defense , Justice and Works for government construction projects . Military Tang Dynasty was distinctively characterised with powerful military forces. It ended warlordism of China in the last years of Sui Dynasty..Tang Taizong ,Gaozong,Wuhou successively expedited east and west Turks, wiped out Gaochang as the county of China , Gaogoli(ancient Korea) and Baiji,def