高级英语修辞手法.doc

1.?????Simile?明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor?隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy?借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1.The kettle boils. 水开了.2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche?提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与???变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。例如:1.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.2.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝Mozart的音乐.6.Personification?拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如:1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）7.Hyperbole?夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..例如:1.I beg a thousand pardons.2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.8.Parallelism?排比, 平行这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.例如:1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly