[张能彦老师语法.docVIP

内部资料。请勿外传 考研英语应试语法必备知识 编讲：张能彦 教学目的与重点： 通过讲练结合，充分理解英语语法基本概念并掌握英语学习的基本规律； 全面了解英语语言知识，熟练掌握英语语言知识考试中的重点和难点； 全面提高阅读各种长难句的能力和标准地道英语的造句能力，从根本上解决英语学习的障碍。 讲授内容： 第一讲 英语句子结构特点 第二讲 英语名词语法特点 第三讲 英语动词语法特点 第四讲 英语四大特殊结构 第一讲：英语句子结构特点(Sentences Models) 一、根据功能，我们可以把句子分为以下五种（Classified by Functions） 陈述句 （ Declarative Sentence ） 如：I did not sleep well last night. 疑问句（ Interrogative Sentence ） 1) 一般疑问句：Are you fond of traveling? 2) 特殊疑问句：What are you looking for? 3) 选择问句：Do you like tea or coffee? Which ice cream do you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry? 4) 修辞问句： 肯定疑问句=否定陈述句；否定疑问句=肯定陈述句 What is the use of worrying about such a thing? = It is no use worrying about such a thing. Who doesn’t desire happiness? = Everyone desires happiness. 5) 附加问句（又称反意问句）： It is a nice day, isn’t it? 祈使句 ( Imperative Sentence ) Don’t judge a book by its cover. 不要以貌取人 祈愿句 ( Optative Sentence ) God bless you! Long live Chairman Mao! May you succeed! 感叹句 ( Exclamatory Sentence ) 1) How + 形容词或副词+主语+动词！ How beautiful the girl is! How beautifully the girl dances! 2) How + 形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+动词！ How beautiful a flower it is! How I hate exams! 3) what + a(n) +（形容词）+单数名词+主语+动词！ What a bright daughter you have! 4) what +(形容词)+复数名词+主语+动词！ What large eyes she has! 二、根据句子复杂程度，句子还可分为以下四种（Classified by Structure） 简单句 ( Simple Sentence ) 由一个（组）主语和一个（组）动词所组成，不含从属分句的独立分句。 如： The changes in the last two centuries are amazing. The boy and his sister study and play together. 2. 并列句 （Compound Sentence ） 用并列连词连接并列分句：and, but , or, for I was going to write, but I lost your address. 我本来要写信的，可是把你的地址弄丢了。 用分号连接的并列分句： A wise student studies his lesson; and unwise one wastes his time. 3. 复合句 ( Complex Sentence ) 1）主句+宾语从句： He found what he had been looking for. 2）主句 + 定语从句： I’ll never forget the village where I spent my childhood. 3）主句 + 状语从句： She has been happy since she got married. 4. 并列复合句 ( Compound Complex Sentence ) 1) 复合句 + 简单句： Say you are