定、状、宾从句讲解.doc

初中定语从句讲解及练习 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why * 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 * 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. * 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend. * 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) * 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man （that/whom ）I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) * 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. * 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况： * 1） 当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？ All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。 * 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop . The first thing that we should do is to get some food . * 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing thats missing . * 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重复。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? * 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known . 2、只用which不用that的情况： * 1) 关系代词前有介词时；e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. * 2) 非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday./He has a daughter, who works in a hospital. * 3) 先行词本身是that时；e.g. The clock is that wh