语言学 考研真题语学 考研真题.doc

语言学 考研真题和答案 第一章 语言学 Fill in the blanks 1. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _______it is associated with. （人大2007研） meaning 语言有任意性，其所指与形式没有逻辑或内在联系 2. Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as _______. （北二外2003研） displacement 移位性指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时 用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点 3. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the _______ level are composed of elements of the __________ level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. （北二外2006研） primary, secondary 双重性指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则 4. The features that define our human languages can be called _______ features. （北二外2006） design人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。 5. The term ________ originates from Malinowskis study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders. It refers to the social interaction of language. （中山大学2006研） phatic communication寒暄功能有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski提出 6. Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has ________, interpersonal and textual functions. （中山大学2008研） ideational 韩礼德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。 7. Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the ________ function of language. （中山大学2005研） metalingual语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。 8. Linguistics is usually defined as the _______ study of language. （北二外2003研） scientific 9. ________ studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and received, and _______ studies the rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. （人大2006研） phonetics, phonology语音学研究语音是如