句子及主谓.docVIP

句子 1， 概念：一个语言单位，由词按照语法规律构成，表示一个完整独立的思想。有标点符号。 2， 分类：按使用目的分类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句 按结构分类：简单句，并列句，复合句 3，陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句 （1） 陈述句说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法 （2） 疑问句提出问题（一般疑问，特殊疑问，选择问句，反意问句） （3） 祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等，谓语动词用原形 （4） 感叹句表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气忿等情绪 3， 简单句，并列句和复合句 （1）如果句子只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，就是简单句 The teachers and the students all liked the place and wanted to stay there a little longer. (2) 如果句子包含有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接,也可以用逗号隔开。 The camera-work is perfect and the cast is good. Hurry up, it’s getting late. (3) 复合句中包含有两个或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，同位语等 What I want to emphasize is this. We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. There is something in what you said. That’s exactly what I am planning to do. We are looking forward to the day when we will meet again. Turn off the light before you leave the room Soon came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 主语 1， 主语可以用以下成分充当 （1）名词 A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. （2）代词 Who is speaking? （3）数词 Two thirds of the workers are women. （4）动名词 Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. （5）不定式 To translate this idea into reality needs hard work. （6）词组或复合结构 To each according to his work is a socialist principle. （7）从句 What has happened proves that our policy is right. （8）名词化的其它词类 “A” is an article. 2, 以it做主语的句子 (1) 代替刚提到过的一件事物 What’s this? -It is a harvester. (2) 起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物 Who is knocking at the door? -It’s me. (3) 表示时间，天气，距离等 It is rather windy today. (4) 改变一个句子的结构，强调这个句子中的某一成分 It’s me that he blamed. It’s she who you should ask. it is+.....+ that 句子其他成分强调句句型结构 (5) 代替一个由不定式，动名词短语或是从句表示的主语，使原来的这些主语可以放在句子后面，免得句子头重脚轻。 It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it. It is no use doing something. no good useless senseless nuisance worthwhile waste dangerous 这些单词可以用于后面接动名词的结构 3, 用从句做主语的句子 （1）由what等代词引起的主语从句 What they are after is profit. Be after 追求，追逐 （2）由连词that引起的主语从句 It’s not