宇宙和银河系试题.pptVIP

Ancestors of Milky Way-Type Galaxies Found, Analyzed Scientists have, for the first time, directly observed tiny galaxies known as Lyman alpha emitters, including a compact type (upper right); an extended, chain-like version (upper left); a clumpy, extended type (lower right); and an extended type showing evidence of merging (lower left). These ancient galaxies are believed to merge over time to form spiral galaxies like the Milky Way and M74 (center). Galaxy Collision 银河系和仙女星系以480000km/小时的速度接近，几十亿年之后会发生碰撞 太阳系可能在碰撞后被抛出银河系 The sun and Earth will probably be spun out into a lonely region of space when the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies finish colliding about five billion years from now, researchers say in a new study. Scott Norris for National Geographic News May 16, 2007 最新测定银河系质量为太阳1万亿倍 ——《天体物理学杂志》 银河系比我们想像的要苗条一点，这意味着它包含的暗物质比之前我们推断的要少一些，并且它能更有效地将原始的氢和氦转化为恒星。 银河系的实际厚度约为12000光年 与银河年有关的周期 银河年周期 太阳绕银心旋转速度250km/s ， 完成一周约250- 300Ma。 穿越旋臂 每次约75Ma。 穿越银道面 太阳在银道面 上下往复波动， 每次约35Ma。 Gravitational collapse Simplified core collapse scenario: (a) A massive, evolved star has onion-layered shells of elements undergoing fusion. An inert iron core is formed from the fusion of Silicon in the inner-most shell. (b) This iron core reaches Chandrasekhar-mass and starts to collapse, with the outer core (black arrows) moving at supersonic velocity (shocked) while the denser inner core (white arrows) travel sub-sonically; (c) The inner core compresses into neutrons and the gravitational energy is converted into neutrinos. (d) The infalling material bounces off the nucleus and forms an outward-propagating shock wave (red). (e) The shock begins to stall as nuclear processes drain energy away, but it is re-invigorated by interaction with neutrinos. (f) The material outside the inner core is ejected, leaving behind only a degenerate remnant. Eta Carinae, 一颗比太阳质量大100倍的恒星，在大量气体和尘埃的包围下温度正在升高，处于超新星爆发的临界点。 Lift Cycle of the Sun /wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Sun_Life.png 处于主星序