语法基础概念：类、时态、句子成分.ppt

表示动作已经完成，强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常与一些时间状语连用：如：already; yet; by this time; just; ever; never; so far ; till now ; before; now that等。 They have already finished reading the text . He has seen the film before. 2)表示动作发生在过去，且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能延续下去。常与since 引导的从句或短语，或for (有时省去）+时间积累数连用。 I have lived in the small village since last year. 14 3. 有些瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。要连用时须用状态动词。成对的词有： Become/be; die/be dead; leave/ be away; join the army/serve the army… 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 　 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 　 Where did you go just now? ?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 　I thought you might have some. 一般过去时 比较一般过去时与现在完成时  1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now,by 等，皆不确定的时间状语。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能用现在完成时，要用过去时。 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　 3) 常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while? 过去进行时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去　　　　 2） 用法a.　在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 3)　过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when,