astronomy- universityof manitoba（天文学-马尼托巴大学）.docVIP

Celestial Navigation Senior 1: Cluster 4: Exploring the Universe S1-4-03: Investigate how various cultures used knowledge of the position and motion of visible celestial objects for navigation. Introduction: The purpose of this lesson is to investigate how ancient cultures used the North Star to navigate. By the end of these activities students will, 1. Understand how cultures in the past used the position and motion of the North Star for navigation 2. Understand why navigation was important. 3. Know how to find the North Star and other constellations including the Big Dipper. 4. Explain how Stars move across the night sky. 5.Explain how to find latitude using a sextant and the North Star. Ancient Navigation Note: Early navigators used recognizable landmarks to navigate by hugging the coast and staying in known waters. If they ventured into the open ocean or to unknown waters, there were no recognizable landmarks. The Vikings were the first to venture on long journeys into the open sea. The Polynesians and Europeans also used the stars, sun and the moon to help them navigate. Check your current understanding: (1) How do modern sailors find their location? (GPS or satellite) (2) What did sailors need to know to avoid getting lost? (where they were and where they are going/latitude, longitude and compass direction) (3) What were some dangers that sailors faced in the past? (storms, getting lost, starvation, thirst and disease) (4) Why did some sailors hug the coastline? (To avoid getting lost) (5) Why was hugging the coastline not a good strategy? (limited the places they could go. Not reliable) (6) Why was the North Star important for navigation? (An important way to determine north) (7) What was the disadvantage of using the North Star to determine direction? (Hidden during cloudy nights.) (8) How does the North Star move during the night? (stays fixed) Teacher Demonstration Part A: Star Trails Begin by showing students a star trails pho