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Lesson 11 Orthographic and Isometric Projection Introduction Engineering drawing is a language of technicians. They can document and communicate all details of the job using engineering drawing. Drawing paper has two dimensions. To give information about 3 – D object, only one view is not sufficient. Orthographic projection is method to project 3 – D drawing in two dimensions. Objective After reading this lesson you will able to know about orthographic and isometric methods of projection. You will able to draw simple orthographic and isometric drawing. You will also learn to select isometric scale. Orthographic Projections A three dimensional sketch of an object to be manufactured doesnt always gives a clear idea about the exact construction. The artisan or craftsman needs constructional details which can be better explained in the Orthographic Projections. Fig. 1 Orthogonal means Perpendicular The object is observed with the viewers eyesigh at 90 degrees to a face of the object. Refer fig. 1 . In First Angle Projection we place our object in the First Quadrant and In Third Angle Projection the Object is placed in the Third Quadrant. (see fig 2 ). It is consider as if the object is placed in a glass box with three planes of the object being parallel to the glass box. The image (or shadow or reflections) received on the three planes, collectively are called as ‘orthographic projections’. Fig 2. When we draw an Orthographic view of the front of an object it is called a ELEVATION. When we draw an Orthographic view of the top of an object it is called a PLAN. When we draw an Orthographic view of one side of an object it is called an END ELEVATION. If an object is very complicated then you can draw an End Elevation of the left and right hand side Observe following object and their orthographic projections. Fig. 3 Steps to draw the Orthographic views - Lets draw