p.453-7- theradiorefractiveindexitsformulaand（p.453-7 - theradiorefractiveindexitsformulaand）.docVIP

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.453-7 THE RADIO REFRACTIVE INDEX: ITS FORMULAAND REFRACTIVITY DATA (Question ITU-R 201/3) (1970-1986-1990-1992-1994-1995-1997-1999) Rec. ITU-R P.453-7 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) the necessity of utilizing a single formula for calculation of the index of refraction of the atmosphere; b) the need for reference data on refractivity and refractivity gradients all over the world; c) the necessity to have a mathematical method to express the statistical distribution of refractivity gradients, recommends 1 that the atmospheric radio refractive index, n, be computed by means of the formula given in Annex 1; 2 that refractivity data given on world charts in Annex 1 should be used, except if more reliable local data are available; 3 that the statistical distribution of refractivity gradients be computed using the method given in Annex 1. ANNEX 1 1 The formula for the radio refractive index The atmospheric radio refractive index, n, can be computed by the following formula: n ? 1 ? N ? 10–6 (1) where: N?: radio refractivity expressed by: (2) with the “dry term” of radio refractivity given by: (3) and the “wet term” by: (4) where: P?: atmospheric pressure (hPa) e?: water vapour pressure (hPa) T?: absolute temperature (K). This expression may be used for all radio frequencies; for frequencies up to 100 GHz, the error is less than 0.5%. For representative profiles of temperature, pressure and water vapour pressure see Recommendation ITU-R P.835. For ready reference, the relationship between water vapour pressure e and relative humidity is given by: (5) with: (6) where: H?: relative humidity (%) t?: Celsius temperature (°C) es?: saturation vapour pressure (hPa) at the temperature t (°C) and the coefficients a, b, c, are: for water for ice a ? 6.1121 a ? 6.1115 b ? 17.502 b ? 22.452 c ? 240.97 c ? 272.55 (valid between –20° to ?50°, (valid between –50° to