高中英语二轮复定语从句详讲.docVIP

专题七 定语从句 【知识要点】 一、定语从句的意义 形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。 二、关系词的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。 关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。 1.关系代词的用法： 1)由who引导的定语从句 关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如： A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student. （关系代词在从句中作主语） The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars. （关系代词who在从句中作主语） 2)由whom引导的定语从句 关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如： The man whom） you met on the street is my father. （关系代词wh在从句中作宾语，可以省略） The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow. （关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略） 3)由that引导的定语从句 关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如： She is the woman that often comes here. （关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人） The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather. （关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换） Is there anything that I can do for you? （关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换） The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物) 4)由which引导的定语从句 关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如： He came late，which made the teacher angry. （which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语） That is the pencil which） I lost yesterday. （which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略） 5)由whose引导的定语从句 关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如： This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 （whose作定语，指人）注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。 如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name) 2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点 1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如： Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 先行词为those时，宜用who。如： Those who want to see the film sign up here.  一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关